Light Dose Database

Researchers tested 671 nm and 808 nm 1 mW/cm^2 laser photon delivery in a severed cadaver head. They compared sinus (transsphenoidal), oral, and head (transcranial) light delivery at both wavelengths. 808 delivered more energy than 671 to a 40 mm target inside the brain tissue. They found that sinus delivery delivered 20 times more photons than transcranial delivery. Comparing oral, sinus and head delivery, and comparing 671 nm to 808 nm delivered at the same power density, the 808 nm diode transferred the largest quantity of photons to the farthest parts of the brain.

Researchers tested the effects of the Vielight Neuro Alpha photobiomodulation device on Gulf War Illness (GWI) symptoms. GWI symptoms include persistent headaches, cognitive difficulties, joint pain, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal problems. Because the pattern can present in non-Gulf War veterans, the phenomenon is also called Chronic Multisymptom Illness (CMI). A CMI diagnosis is 6 months of symptoms in at least two of these categories: fatigue, pain, and cognitive-mood. A Kansas GWI is moderately severe or multiple chronic symptoms in at least three of these categories: fatigue/sleep problems, pain, neurological/
cognitive/mood problems, respiratory problems, gastrointestinal problems, and skin problems.

Subjects took self-assessment questionnaires and cognitive tests. They tested before treatment and at the 12-week mark. Gulf War Veteran 1 (GWV1) presented as a Kansas GI. Gulf War Veteran 2 (GWV2) presented as Kansas GWI. Subjects used the Vielight Neuro Alpha device daily for 12 weeks. The device delivers:

• 810 nm 100 mW/cm^2 pulsed at 10 Hz to 3 posterior transcranial targets
• 810 nm 75 mW/cm^2 pulsed at 10 Hz to an anterior target
• 810 nm 25 mW/cm^2 pulsed at 10 Hz to an intranasal passage

At 12 weeks both subjects improved on multiple scores. GWV1 no longer qualified as Kansas GWI. He was re-categorized as mild-moderate CMI. GWV1 showed improvements in mood-cognitive, pain, sleep and fatique categories.

GWV2 was re-categorized from severe CMI to mild-moderate CMI. He showed improvements in fatique, pain and mood-cognitive scores.

One 23-year old traumatic brain injury patient complained of headaches, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating. He home-treated with a Vielight Neuro Duo. At an 8 week measurement he had increased brain volume, improved functional connectivity, increased cerebral perfusion, and neuropsychological improvements.

• Vielight Gamma 4 LEDs, 240 joules, four transcranial targets
• Vielight Gamma 1 LED, 15 joules, one intranasal target
• Irradia MID 2.5 4 Laser Diodes, 39.6 joules, or MIDCARE laser, 2 diodes, 39.6 joules, C1/C2 neck region and abdomen

Group 1 Schedule:

• Weeks 1-4: 3x/week
• Weeks 5-8: 2x/week
• Weeks 9-12: 1x/week
• Weeks 13-40: 3x/week

Group 2 Schedule:

• Weeks 13-25: 3x/week

Groups were tested before and after PBM treatment on measures:

• Functional Mobility task of Time Up and Go (TUG): Stand, walk 3 m, turn, return, sit down
• Gait TUG Motor: First task plus carrying water
• Gait TUG Cognitive: First task plus counting backwards in twos
• Gait TUG 10 Meter Walk: Time to walk 14 meters after having already walked 2 meters
• Gait TUG 10 Meter Stride: Number of strides to walk last 6 m of task above
• Dynamic Balance Step Test: Number of times patient used a step for balance
• Cognition Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Standardized cognition test
• Fine Motor Skills Spiral Test: Drawing within the lines
• Fine Motor Skills Nine Hole Peg: Put pegs in holes, return pegs to bin
• Fine Motor Skills Micrographia: Handwriting area taken per word
• Static Balance Tandem Stance: Duration of standing with one foot ahead of the other
• Static Balance Single Leg Stance: Duration of standing with one foot in the air

Participants in both groups saw significant improvement in functional mobility, dynamic balance, and cognition. Results were good but not significant for fine motor skills and static balance.

16 comatose patients received 785 transcranial 785 nm infrared laser treatments five timers a week for four weeks. Post treatment measurement showed improved alertness, and improved awareness over time.

A researcher treated a vegatative patient with 850 nm infrared LED 20.5 J/cm^2 for 30 min, 2 times per day, for 73 days. The transcranial treatment included 2 sites at the left and right of the forehead above the eyebrows. At measurement the patient had increased blood flow in the treated area and better neurological outcomes..

51 patients with elevated depression symptoms received 1064 nm infrared transcranial laser treatments over two sessions. Researchers concluded that “right prefrontal irradiation improved attention bias modification intervention effects and depression symptoms.”

4 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients received 808 nm infrared laser treatment at 84 J/cm^2 at 4 sites transcranially. At 6 weeks post irradiation they had healthier Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores on 17 items.

Ten patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) received 810 nm LED treatment transcranially at 60 J/cm^2. Researchers measured decreased depression and anxiety according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. They did not find changes in cerebral blood flow.

A 2017 study in Photomedicine and Laser Surgery found improved dementia symptoms after 810 nm infrared transcranial and intranasal irradiation of five patients using Vielight 810 and Neuro LED devices. Patients received 10.65 J/cm2 from 14.2 mW/cm^2 or 24.6+13.8 J/cm^2 from 41+23 mW/cm^2. Treatment times for 25 or 20 minutes. The devices output 10 Hz pulsed wave. The study lasted 12 weeks.  Vielight 810 is an intranasal device. The Neuro is transcranial and intranasal. Light reached “bilateral mesial prefrontal cortex, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, angular gyrus, and hippocampus.” Results included dementia improvement of sleep, fewer angry outburts, reduced anxiety and reduced wandering.

11 dementia patients received 1060 nm to 1080 nm infrared pulsed at 10 Hz LED treatment for 6 minutes a day  for 28 days. They wore a brain helmet irradiating the brain from all directions. Researchers found improved executive functioning, recall, visual attention and  task switching, as well as improved EEG amplitude.

89 Alzheimer’s patients received a range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum (25-1000 nm) for 20 to 40 minutes, with continuous or pulsed wave laser. Researchers inserted a fiber optic through a femoral artery catether to deliver light  to the cerebral arteries. Analysis showed improved microcirculation, cognitive recovery and decreased dementia.

A stroke victim received 660 nm and 850 nm irradiation to 32 sites on the head, brainstem, spine and musculature from a 1400 mW device delivering 2.95 J/cm^2. Each site received treatment for 1 minute, 1 time per week for 8 weeks. The author found improvements in cognitive and physical deficits.

120 acute stroke patients received 808 nm transcranial laser within 24 hours of onset. Each received 1.2 J/cm^2 at the cortext for 2 minutes on 20 sites on a shaved scalp. Analysis found improvement based on the NIH Health Stroke Scale, modified.

Five traumatic brain injury patients with cognitive disabilities received transcranial 785 nm infrared laser 5 times per week for 6 weeks. They showed improved awareness and alertness, but two epileptic fits corresponded with treatment earlier that day. The fits also corresponded with concurrent antibiotic treatments.

10 chronic TBI patients received 810 nm and 980 nm infrared laser treatment of 14.8 to 28.3 J/cm^2 2 to 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Treatments were pulsed at 10 Hz. Transcranial treatment spots included 2 sites on the forehead and 3 bilateral, prefrontal and temporal. At measurement they showed improved headaches, sleep disturbances, cognition, mood regulation,  anxiety and irritability.

11 chronic traumatic brain injury patients were treated with 633 nm and 870 nm infrared three times per week for six weeks. They received 13 J/cm^2 transcranially on 11 sites at midline and bilateral forehead. At 6 weeks they experience better sleep, decreased PTSD and improved social performance.

Two Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients who also had depression or post trauamtic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms  received 633 nm red and 870 nm transcranial light treatment of 13.3 J/cm^2 10 minutes per site, 1x/weeek for 6 years, or 1x/day for 4 months. Researchers treated bilateral left and right forehead (“and multiple other areas”).  At the time of measurement, each had improved executive function, memory and PTSD symptoms.

39 healthy volunteers received 60 J/cm^2 of 850 nm infrared LED transcranially. They experienced improved attentional performance in the Go/No task.

In a 2017 study, 31 healthy volunteers received 903 nm LED LumiWave light transcranially. They experienced improved reaction time in the qEEG event-related response test.

In a 2015 study, 25 healthy elderly women received 627 nm LED light transcranially at four sites, two times per week for four weeks. They experienced increased cerebral artery velocity at both systolic and idastolic measurements.

Blanco et al. 2017 [210] Healthy volunteers (118) Laser, CG-5000, Cell
Gen Therapeutics, LLC (Dallas, TX, USA) 1064 nm 250 mW/cm2, 60 J/cm2, 8 min, one irradiation session, CW Transcranially;
2 sites, lower and upper portion of right lateral forehead at EEG map sites: FP2, F4, and F8 sites Improved prefrontal rule-based learning; no significant effects on information-integration learning

In a 2016 study 12 healthy volunteers were irradiated with a 1064 nnm laser light dose of 13.75 J/cm^2 per minute for 10 minutes. Light shone on the center forehead and right side. Treated subjects exhibited higher oxygen concentration in hemoglobin across the two hemispheres. Oxygenation increased during treatment and continued at least 6 minutes after.

In a 2015 study 30 healthy volunteers received 60 J/cm^2  1064 nm irradiation on two forehead sites. They showed improved executive function after treatment.

In a 2013 study researchers irradiated 40 healthy volunteers with 60 J/cm^2 1064 nm continuous laser light for 4 minutes. Targets are 2 unilateral transcranial sites: the right frontal pole on 4 cm medial and lateral. The treated group have improved Psychomotor Vigilance Task reaction time, improved memory task scores and a positive mood when measured 2 weeks after treatment.

In a 2012 study researchers irradiated 40 healthy volunteers with 830 nm infrared laser light with a dose of 7 mW/diode, 6 diodes, 20 J/cm^2, 10 minutes, pulsed at 10 Hz on the left palm

The treatment increased alpha and theta amplitude in the posterior head region, and decreased beta amplitude in the anterior head region.

Subjects received a monochromatic 415 nm blue treatment, or a polychromatic 415 nm and 660 nm treatment. Groups 3 and 4 received cool white light and 5% benzyl peroxide. Patients treated themselves 1x/day for 15 minutes for 12 weeks. At weeks 4 and 8, the red and red-blue groups achieved similar lesion reductions. At week 12, the blue-red group had significantly better results than blue alone. The blue-red group had a 76% inflammatory lesion reduction, significantly higher than the blue light, white light, and benzyl peroxide treatment.

In cataloguing this study, the “cool white light” is classified as having “unknown” wavelengths.

24 mild to severe acne patients with Fitzpatrick skin types II-V received 415 nm blue at one session alternating with 633 nm red at the next. Schedule was 2x/week, 3 days apart, 20 min. per session, 48 J/cm^2 415 nm or 96 J/cm^2 633 nm. All subjects had mild microabrasions before treatment. 22 patients were assessed, 2 dropped out. Researchers objectively counted a 46% lesion count reduction at 4 weeks, and an 81% lesion count reduction at 12 weeks.

Photodynamic Light Therapy

When applied with a topical substance, light therapy becomes photodynamic therapy (PDT). Kleresca is a photodynamic therapy treatment manufacturer based in Europe and Australia.

Kleresca marketing refers to this process as biophotonics. In home LED therapy, the chromophores in the mitochondria absorb the photons to create an ATP and nitric oxide response. In PDT, the topical substance absorbs the photons. Then, the substance is potentiated to heal, or the absorption transfers photon energy to the skin. In this case, it appears that the chromophore gel is a mediator to get more photons to the skin.

This study looked at the Kleresca chromophore gel’s light absorption properties.
Researchers tested gel penetration of fluorescent light energy (FLE) of 375 nm, 405 nm, 435 nm, 450 nm, 470 nm, 505 nm, 525 nm, 570 nm, 590 nm, 630 nm, 645 nm, 660 nm, 700 nm, 850 nm, 870 nm, 890 nm, 940 nm and 970 nm.
They tested the reflection and absorption qualities of the gel with each color. They found that 375 nm had the highest reflectance. 405 nm through 590 nm had the highest absorption. 630 nm through 970 nm had less but still significant absorption. In other words, at least 5 wavelengths between 405 nm and 590 nm deeply penetrate the chromophore gel; at least nine red and infrared wavelengths significantly penetrate the gel. 375 nm is a high reflectance outlier. The gel maintained fluorescence for up to 15 minutes after exposure.

The fluorescent Kleresca lamp output similar irradiance to an LED analogue. Irradiance for both lamps peaked at just under 10 mW/cm^2 and 435 nm. Irradiance was lowest at 500 nm to 550 nm at .01 mW/cm^2 (LED) and .001 mW/cm^2 (Kleresca). Lamps peaked output again at 570 nm at just under .1 mW/cm^2 and plummeted back to 0.001 between 630 nm and 700 nm.

Authors tested Kleresca PDT on one acne patient. Inflammation reduction peaked at week 20 and corresponded with significant lesion reduction. More acne resolution occurred from week 21 to week 57 with visible reductions at week 33, week 45 and week 57.

A third test compared fibroblast collagen production under LED and Kleresca. Kleresca produced more collagen compared to LED in untreated skin. In part 2 of the collagen test, researchers added interferon inflammatory markers to the fibroblast cells. LED collagen production remained consistent, but FLE dramatically fell below LED results. In the presence of inflammatory marker, LED produced the same collagen, and FLE produced significantly less collagen.

In a confusing statement of conflict, the authors state that they Kleresca employees, but that Kleresca did not fund the study, and there are no conflicts of interest.

Both groups had moderate to severe acne. All subjects received 470 nm blue and 640 nm red light therapy treatments. Group 1 received treatment two times per week for four weeks. At the first weekly session, they received one color treatment. At the second weekly session they received the other color treatment. Group 2 received treatment one time per week. At this session, they first received one color, then they received the second color. Group 1 treatment was spread across two days. Group 2 treatment was delivered in one day. Both groups had significant lesion count reduction, and were not significantly different from one another. Both regimens had significant results.

Researchers treated psoriasis patients without treating it with any photosensitizers. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is an endogenous photoreceptor. Both 420 nm blue and 630 nm red equally reduced psoriasis symptoms. Blue reduced redness more than red.

Researchers combined topical curcumin with 405 nm blue light, and then either 630 nm or 660 nm red light. Both treatment groups showed significant decrease in symptoms. The treatments decreased keratinocytes cell proliferation, which is the primary causative factor in psoriasis symptoms.

21 patients with mild to moderate eczema were treated with LED 453 nm 3x/week for 4 weeks. All patients had statistically significant improvements on the Eczema Severity Index (ESI).

Researched irradiated human fat with 410 nm, 457 nm, 505 nm, 530 nm, 590 nm, and 660 nm low level light. 590 nm “significantly reduced the concentration of lipid droplets” and increased lipid autophagy (broke down fat). In documenting the science of photobiomodulation, I rarely come across a study that finds significant effect at one wavelength, and no effect at nearby wavelengths. That did happen in this study. 590 nm affected fat breakdown and 505 nm did not. The abstract did not mention the other wavelengths tested. Presumably they were also insignificant, so it’s unclear why 505 nm was singled out as ineffective.

Researchers tested low level light therapy to see if it would reduce scalp inflammation that interferes with hair re-growth. They tested the L’Oréal LLLT/GentleWaves® device’s effect on hair growth. 64 men with androgenetic alopecia received 590 nm for 70 seconds (pulsed) 1x/day for 3 days. Their scalps were DNA squenced. Then they tested the device as well as Minoxidil on 135 men and women with alopecia. The 590 nm treatment correlated with downregulation of sclap inflammatory biomarkers in half the treated subjects. The second study showed increase Minoxidil hair growth. Those receiving 2% Minoxidil responded as if they had received 5% Minoxidil.

Researchers treated 42 eyes with 590 nm, 670 nm and 790 nm LED light over 3 weeks. Patients experienced improved scores on “best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), drusen volume and central drusen thickness” at either 3 week or 3 month testing.

Researchers treated 35 thyroidectomy patients with a combination of 830 nm and 590 nm LED light. Patients received 60 J/cm over a period of 11 minutes for 7 days, starting on the day of surgery. After the first week, they received treatment 3x/week for 3 more weeks. At 3 months, scars on treated patients were lighter and had less color compared to controls. Self-assessment of scar was not significantly different between treated and control groups.

76 patients received split face LED treatment with 830 nm, 633 nm, or a combination of 830 nm and 633 nm. The control group received a sham treatment. Patients received therapy twice a week for four weeks. Measuring skin elasticity and melanin revealed wrinkle reduction as high as 36% and up to 19% skin elacity increase. Researchers concluded that 830 and 633nm alone and in combination are effective wrinkle reducing wavelengths.

Researchers treated subjects with LED therapy the specific wavelength 660 nm (red for group 1) and a range of wavelengths from 411 to 777 nm (white for group 2). 52 women received 5.17 J daily for 12 weeks. Wrinkles significantly improved (reduced). Group 1 had slightly better results, but the differences were not significant.

Forty patients self-treated with 420 nm blue LED light therapy once a day for four weeks. 20 patients self-treated with 453 nm blue LED in parallel. Both groups should statistically substantial improvement at 4 weeks. Gains reversed when treatment stopped.

47 patients with mild psoriasis received 200 mW/cm^2 (group 1) or 100 mW/cm^2) group 2 UV-free blue LED treatment over 12 weeks. Patients reported high satisfaction with the results, which were statistically significant as well.

Nine psoriasis patients used 633 nm red and 830 nm infrared LED therapy on recalcitrant psoriasis. The majority had failed earlier treatments. Seven patients show 60% to 100% clearance of psoriasis symptoms when measured from three to 8 months after treatment. Two of the subjects could not be located.

Researchers treated 25 psoriasis patients with psoralen and ultraviolet-A (PUVA), and another 25 patients with psoralent and ultraviolet-B (PUVB). Psoriasis affected 25-70% of the patient’s skin. After 8 weeks of treatment, 92% of the PUVA group, and 80% of the PUVB group had remission. Limbs and trunk were more resistant than the rest of the body. 28% of PUVA and 24% of PUVB suffered erythema (redness); 32% and 28% pruitis (itchiness); 28% and 24% nausea and vomiting; 16% and 12% fever & malaise; 12% and 16% headache; 1% and 0% blister; 1% and 0% claustrophobia. Researchers concluded that PUVA and PUVB had substantially similar positive outcomes.

Physician’s office treatment (not a home therapy) using Narrow Band Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) for psoriasis patients affected on greater than 10% of the body and have not responded to other treatments. UVB is dangerous without safety precautions. The doctor uses an excimer laser. The patient is treated 2x-3x per week. Is potentially combined with “emollients, calcipotriene, cortico-steroids, retinoids, and tar. NB-UVB can be used in selected patients with traditional systemic agents such as methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclosporine…”

30 women with no history of thyroid disease received 16 weeks of daily LED treatment in the neck area. Followup showed neck wrinkle reduction and no changes to the thyroid. This study includes only healthy participants. It does not test thyroid safety for subjects with a history of: benign thyroid disease, malignant thyroid disease, “keloid scarring, previous inflammatory or infectious skin diseases, uncontrolled medical illness, pregnancy,” or the use of growth factor-related cosmetics.

630 nm, 850 nm, 25 mW/cm2 (12.5 mW/cm^2 per color)

830 nm, 0.05 mW/cm^2, 60 J/cm^2, 1200 s relieved tendonitis

Reduce muscle damage, muscle pain (soreness), muscle atrophy, muscle recovery time; increase muscle mass, and athletic performance treating the quadriceps femoris muscles with 850 nm LED light with a total of 75 J.

Researchers treated 30 canker sore patients with 1 session of green light therapy.

They broke the session into four treatment sections.

The 4-part treatment significantly reduced patients’ pain and lesion size.

Treated subjects healed in 3 days on average. Sham subjects healed in 8 days.

Use green 532 nm diodes without massage or mechanical manipulation to improve the appearance of cellulite in thighs and buttocks.

Researchers treated 34 women with low-energy green light.

Subjects receives three treatments a week for 2 weeks (6).

Researchers treated subjects’ hips, thighs, a waist. Treatments lasted 30 min.

Subjects had significant:

decrease in circumference of treated areas
decrease in baseline body weight
reduction in BMI
reduction in cellulite

Use green light therapy to reduce hip, thigh and abdomen circumference. Subject lost an average of 15.21 cm circumference after 12 sessions of low dose green light.

Researchers tested 785 nm (infrared) light on balding patients aged 17 to 45 years old.

The treated group received 5% minoxidil solution and infrared light therapy two times per day.

The control group received 5% minoxidil and a sham LED treatment device.

Researchers tested hair patient satisfaction,  hair density and hair growth.

At 12 months, the patients getting both minoxidil and LED ligh therapy were singificantly happier with their hair growth than the sham group.

Researchers applied 660 nm LED light to balding men and women over a 24 week study.

The light therapy significantly increased the hair’s coverage area.

More of the subject’s heads had hair at 24 weeks than at the beginning of the study.

The sham group saw no hair gains.

Researchers also used 650 nm red laser light, and got the same results.

Researchers treated balding men and women aged 19 to 65 years old with 655 nm red light therapy (LLLT: low level light therapy).

They fitted helmets with 2.36 mW LED 655 nm output to administer the treatment.

They tested hair growth at 0, 8 and 16 weeks.

At the end of 16 weeks, particpants in the treatment group had more hairs and they were thicker as well.

The control group did not experience an increase in hair quanity or thickness.

There were no adverse side effects.

Researchers treated patients to low level light therapy (LLLT) using red light with a  630 nm wavelength.

All treated patients had lichen planopilaris.

Symptoms included redness (erythema), corkscrew hairs indicating too much keratin production (perifollicular hyperkeratosis), and hair loss.

After 3 and 6 months, the patients had more and thicker hair.

After 3 months, the erythema and perifollicular hyperkeratosis settled down, but after 6 months it had returned.

Researchers reviewed four cases using red light to treat licehn planopilaris (LPP).

Using 650 nm or 660 nm light scientists reversed inflammation, LPP symptoms, and regrew natural hair.

They wrote that the patients showed “a dramatic response to LLLT [red light therapy].”

Patients experienced no adverse side effects.

Green light reduced acne lesions by 67% when measured at 6 weeks past the end of the study.

635-680 nm red light of unknown dose reduced girth at waist by 2.15 cmin men and women over 4 weeks of treatment.

Increase lymphatic system activity correlated:

• reduced wrinkles
• reduced hyperpigmentation
• enhanced rejuvenation (glow)
• increased collagen
• decreased acne

Blue and red LED light treatments reduced inflammatory acne by 34% and non inflammatory acne by 78%. In addition, melanin decreased significantly, tone brightened, and texture improved.

Treatment of acne vulgaris with a portable 630 nm to 670 nm portable LED device resulted in reduced inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesion counts.

415 combined with 633, 21 subjects, self administered handheld device over 4 weeks. Reduced lesion counts throughout study and 8 weeks post therapy, 69% reduction at 8 weeks

Decreased acne lesions, decreased skin sebum excretion in women at end of treatment and 3 month followup. Study used multiple wavelengths in the red range.

Alternating 415 nm and 830 nm at each session reduced inflammatory acne lesions up to 83.3%. Non inflammatory lesions improved an average of 48.8%, but four patients had an increase. There were no side effects.

10 weeks after last treatment, group treated with 630 nm light had significant reduction in moderate acne. The 890 nm group did not have a significant reduction.

Red and blue light two to five minute sessions for four weeks resulte in:

• inflammatory acne lesions reduced by 77%n
• oninflammatory acne lesions decreased by 54%
• reduced sebum output
• reduced inflammatory markers
• decreased sebaceous gland size
• no side effects

Home consumer red and blue LED device reduced acne lesions, sebum output, inflammatory markers and sebaceous gland size in Korean patients, with no side effects.

90% or greater acne reduction at one month using blue LED therapy on the face of Chinese patients. Some redness after treatment resolving in 2h. After 3 months, 12 of 22 patients had minimal papules and pustules, “but no nodular pustules recurred.”

Blue and red light facial and back therapy immediately improved acne symptom better than salicylic acid treatment . “The number of comedones, papules and pustules decreased significantly at the end of the session.”

Use 635 nm light to reduced triglyceride and cholesterol levels.

Use 635 nm red light to reduce upper arm circumference more than 1.5 cm.

Reduce surgical pain by 37%.

Improve visual acuity in cataract and healthy eyes; reduce metamophosia, scotoma, and dyschromatopsia; reduced wet AMD edma and bleeding; for at least 3-6 mo. post treatment.

Emulsify fat before liposuction extraction.

Reduce waist circumference and total body fat, decreased fat thickness, and improve skin stiffness.

Reduce sleep-deprivation hunger using red light to increase leptin and reduce ghrelin.

Use 808 nm on weak leg of stroke patient with muscle spacicity to decrease pain, increase time to muscle fatigue onset, and increase peak torque.

Decrease muscle fatigue using 630 nm LED irradiation.

Reduce wrinkles, increase collagen

Improve blue contrast vision in adults over 40 years old.

Reverse collagen downregulation and MMP-1 upregulation, decreasing wrinkles, and increasing collagen.

Improvements in immediate recall, information processing speed, verbal learning, PTSD stress reduction, depression reduction, reduced headache, improved sleep, and many more benefits.

Ketogenic diet and PBM restore cognition, increase insulin sensitivity, improve metabolic flexibilityin diabetic, ApoE4 heterozygous individual.

Intranasal and transcranial application of 810 nm improved memory, cognition and MRI results in Alzheimer’s patients.

Alzheimer’s patient treatment: Improve cognitive and memory scores; regain sense of smell; reduce stress in patient and caregiver.

16.5% edema reduction in LLLT group compared to 7.3% in sham group.

Increase voluntary elbow flexion repetitions before exhaustion.

Decrease pain and fall risk in men with osteopenia.

Reduce pain and improve healing of wrist and hand closed bone fractures.

Improve cognition and memory in chronic TBI patients.

Release fat from fat cell.

Reduce neck osteoarthritis pain.

Decrease frozen shoulder pain.

Decrease TMJ pain and increase jaw movement.

Improve TMJ mouth opening range, decrease pain, chewing difficulty, and tenderness.

Improve knee osteoarthritis pain, flexion, pressure, sensitivity, and circumference.

Reduce knee osteoarthritis pain.

Reduce geriatric degenerative osteoarthritis pain.

Reduce thigh fat and circumference.

Increase female scalp hair count.

Elimnate rosacea small acneiform papules and decrease redness.

Reduce facial contact dermatitis.

Reduce knee arthritis pain and inflammation.

Reduce knee osteoarthritis pain.

Prevent knee arthritis inflammation and degeneration.

Reduce dissecting cellulitis inflammation.

Reduce post-exercise lactate and creatine kinase, known to be consistent with faster exercise recovery.

Reduce post-exercise loss of function.

Reduce Achilles tendinitis pain and inflammation.

Improve tendonitis functionality, increase strength, decrease pain, and improve extension in tendinitis

Reduce post-herpetic neuralgia pain from from 8.54/10 to 0-3/10.

Prevent post-herpetic neuralgia: “Applying LLLT within the first 5 days of herpes zoster eruption significantly reduced the incidence of PHN.”

LLLT: low level light therapy

PHN: post-herpetic neuralgia

Reduce shingles pain from severe to severe/moderate/mild with no remissions for at least “several months.”

Increase time to recurrence of herpes outbreak.

780 nm, 60 mW, 3 J/cm^2 (50 s) or 4.5 J/cm^2 (75 s), 2x/week/10 weeks (20) reduced herpes pain and lesion size.

660 nm, 100 mW, 8 s, 12 points/5 sessions (60 applications) per point , 30 J/cm^2 encouraged herpes remission for at least 17 months.

Reduce outbreak length and increase time between herpes outbreaks.

Reduce body mass index, body fat mass, waist girth, hip girth, and wast to hip ratio.

Increase skin blood flow.

890 nm, 636 mW/cm^2, 60 s, 300s, 900 s, increased blood nitric oxide

Lower total cholesterol and increase HDL-c.

Reduce wound pain and increase blood flow.

Increase capillary blood cell velosity and superficial skin blood flow.

Heal chronic wounds in both diabetics and non-diabetics.

Significant reduction in hypertension to healthy measurements in some cases.

Increase cerebral artery blood floow, decrease resistance.

Decrease wrist pain and increase wrist functionality in carpal tunnel patients who have rheumatoid arthritis.

Decrease carpal tunnel pain.

Increase carpal tunnel strength and mobility.

Decrease carpal tunnel pain.

Reduce carpal tunnel pain, increase meridian nerve conduction in carpal tunnel wrists.

Increase hand grip strength in carpal tunnel wrists.

Decrease stroke defecits.

N=1 significant stroke symptom improvements in:

• severe diziness
• non-functional left hand
• severe right hand spasticity
• right lateral sixth nerve palsy
• unable to walk

Help substance absuers achieve meditative state.

Reduce depression symptoms including sucidal ideation.

Reduce back pain and depression.

Reduce depression symptoms.

Improve vigilance task and working memory scores similar to that seen with 20 minutes of aerobic exercise.

Decrease physical reaction times in concussion patients.

Improve memory and increase brain blood oxygen in patients at risk for cognitive decline.

830 nm, 332 mW/cm^2,120 s, 40 J/cm^2, unknown targets, 8 treatments, unknown schedule, reduced anhedonia apathy, increased libido, decreased anxiety, decreased irritability, decreased impulsivity, improved sleep

Decrease depression and anxiety in TBI patients.

Improve brain oxygen supply.

830 nm, 60 mW/cm^2, 30 s/site, 900 s-1800 s total, 1.8 J/cm^2, myotonic face and neck sites, 1x/week/2 weeks, or 1/month, up to 18 months increased ability to voluntarily move, significantly reduced (scores 10 to score 3) back and neck pain, reduced involuntary athetoic (slow writhing), increased motor function in limbs, trunk, vocalization, increased ability to chew and swallow, decreased dysuria (painful urination), and decreased breathing problems.

830 nm, 11.4 mW/cm^2, 1800 s, 2/day/73 days (146) improved blood flow and correlated with patient regaining cognition.

“The patient showed some improvement in his neurological condition by moving his left arm/hand to reach the tracheostomy tube, post-LED therapy.”

Reduce autism-related irritability.

In Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD patients):

• reduce Hamilton Anxiety Scale (SIGH-A) score
• reduce Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (OGI-S) subscale score
• Increase Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI subscale score

Decrease wrist fracture healing time.

Improve beta endorphin plasma concentration and Beck Depression Inventory Fast Screen score in alcoholics seeking help quitting.

Reduce morning sleepiness known as “sleep inertia” without reducing melatonin.

Clear treatment-resistant contact dermatitis that started after alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) peel compound application.

Ddecrease post-exercise stress on 10 data points

Promoted recovery of wound epidermal barrier.

Infrared Affect on Skin Review Rationale

Photobiomodulation researchers examined near infrared (NIR) studies that had resulted in damaged skin. The researchers determined that near infrared caused damage when applied in strong doses. Low dose NIR spread over time reduces wrinkles, produces collagen, and causes no harm.

Infrared Affect on Skin Review Hypothesis

Previous studies found near infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) damage because the doses were too high.

Infrared Affect on Skin Study Method

Examine PBM studies that showed near infrared light skin damage to correlate light doses with skin damage.

Infrared Affect on Skin Study Summary

In a review of Near Infrared photobiomodulation (PBM), use of near infrared light only caused damage when the dose was too high.

Near infrared light between 760 and 1,400 nm wavelengths rejeuvanates skin when applied in low (but not too low!) doses over time.

For more collagen and fewer wrinkles, use any of these wavelengths as frequently as once per day, at a dose of 20 to 50 mW/cm^2.

• 600 nm
• 805 nm
• 830 nm
• 900 nm

Infrared Review of Skin Effects Study Conclusion

• Ultraviolet (UV) and some infrared light frequencies are always harmful to the skin
• Near infrared with wavelengths between 760 nm and 1,400 nm are healthy when administered in a dose of 50 mW/cm^2 using any of these wavelengths: 660 nm, 805 nm, 830 nm, or 900 nm
• Wavelengths mentioned in the previous bullet point induce more collagen and elastin; result in better skin tone and fewer wrinkles.
• Use no more than 50 mW/cm^2, once a day or less.

“The body will absorb only so much energy before that energy damages the cytochrome cells.”

In every study reviewed, IR-A induced damage when the total energy absorbed was higher than one would receive from morning or evening sun.

Sunlight infrared is healthy when the shadows in the morning and evening, when the shadows are long. Noontime infrared creates oxidative stress. To get healthy artficial  infrared light, use no more than 50 mW/cm^2 of 660 nm, 805 nm, or 830 nm wavelength light.

EMF Channel Remarks on Infrared Review Publication

NIR frequencies can penetrate epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

To visualize what this means, the NIR light reaches all of this:

• epidermis: immune system and pigment cells
• dermis: hair follicles, nerve endings, sweat glands, oil
• subcutaneous tissue: connective tissue, fat, blood vessels

You can’t see infrared light. If you can feel it as heat, you’re getting too much.

Interestingly, if you use a high dose but simultaneously cool the skin, you can prevent thermal damage.

But this method isn’t tested for creating a healthy response. We just know that it prevents damage, not if it creates collagen and smoother skin.